体验主导未来
品牌体验属于体验式营销这一更大的范畴,体验式营销是商业术语,指的是通过让消费者切身体验来营销公司产品/品牌。对于一些内容产业(广播、视频、印刷等)来说,体验式营销不仅是营销产品——产品本来就需要切身感受。这对于曾经是实体的产品来说更是如此,不过现在这些产品已经变得越来越数字化 [21] 。
还记得VHS tapes(录像带)和DVDs(光碟)吗?现在已经是Netflix(网飞)的天下。装满CD的活页夹?现在用个声田就可以。与其每天早上看报纸,不如只要手指轻轻一碰就是无穷无尽的最新消息。盗版进一步推动了数字内容的商品化,让更多人能用较低的成本,甚至免费获得数字内容。因此,消费者更有权免费获得内容。没有人愿意每月至少支付10美元订阅声田或苹果音乐。付费新闻?没门儿!
消费者对此乐观其成,但对需要谋生的原创作者来说简直是灾难。众所周知,凯文·哈特(Kevin Hart)等喜剧演员严禁观众在演出过程中使用手机,以防观众只顾录影而忽略了现实体验 [22] 。免费的东西实在太多,以至于标价任何数字产品,并从中收费变得越来越困难。因此,许多出版商和原创作者将计就计,从CD或报纸等实体产品转到一个无法(至少现在还不能)在线和数字化的领域:体验。
如果你是一家清高的报社,不屑投放点击广告,但现实中没有人想为新闻付费,你要怎么办?享誉盛名的《纽约客》( The New Yorker )采取的策略是,效仿音乐行业,创办一个“新闻节”,收取入场费。从2000年的周年庆典开始,现在已经成为一个名副其实的文化节。不仅可以听到自己最喜欢的播客(免费),阅读文章(大部分免费),还可以近距离接触撰稿人和内容制作人、思想领袖、政治家、喜剧演员、电影制作人、音乐家和艺术家等。对于《纽约客》粉丝来说,这好比一场科切拉音乐节(Coachella)。
记者凯蒂·卡洛蒂(Katie Calautti)说,这种对体验的投资——“跃然纸外的新闻主义”正在萌芽。“现在可以看到越来越多的编辑和记者做演讲,或者活跃在线下,这些早已成为名人聚会。这是一种与读者保持联系的独特方式,不是通过新闻业和数字媒体就能轻易做到的。” [23]
音乐人境况更为艰难。Napster等同类产品,以及BitTorrent等新型点对点音乐共享网站招致侵权行为泛滥,潘多拉和声田等媒体缓解了这一问题,但一个音乐人的一首歌平均要有220次点击才能赚到一美元。令人意外的是,音乐产业研究协会(Music Industry Research Association)2017年的报告显示,音乐家大部分收入来自现场表演和音乐会 [24] 。所以,酒吧举办了更多线下表演。从线上免费收听音乐的粉丝们来到线下体验,因此音乐节场次激增。从某些方面来说,注重体验对消费者来说是有益的。最起码,令人愉快,现场体验产生的价值正在增加。在科切拉音乐节见到肯德里克·拉马尔(Kendrick Lamar)的感觉无与伦比,这是在家里听专辑所享受不到的。对于音乐行业来说,至少有一定的作用。2016年,美国专辑下载量为音乐行业带来的收入是6.23亿美元 [25] 。一年后,这一数据涨到近16亿美元(十多亿)。 [26]
由于体验式营销的兴起,品牌的生产成本没有提高,但是说服力却更高了。记住,昂贵的品牌体验不仅窥探你的钱包,它们还在捕捉你的想法。
倘若大获成功,品牌体验就可以编码成一段日后时常记起的回忆。这种编码非常有用,因为记忆不仅重播过去的愉快事件,还会引导消费行为。这正是品牌一掷百万设计品牌体验的原因,他们知道这些体验会加速编码,催生消费者日后的购买欲。
那么接下来就要介绍等式方程的另一半:大脑如何回放编码的记忆,品牌如何利用回忆驱动未来的消费行为。
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